Majenereta

Majenereta ndi zida zomwe zimasinthira mphamvu zamitundu ina kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi. Mu 1832, Mfalansa Bixi anatulukira jenereta.

Jenereta imapangidwa ndi rotor ndi stator. Rotor ili pakatikati pakatikati pa stator. Imakhala ndi mitengo ya maginito pa rotor kuti ipange maginito. Pamene woyendetsa wamkulu amayendetsa rotor kuti azizungulira, mphamvu zamakina zimasamutsidwa. Mitengo ya maginito ya rotor imazungulira mothamanga kwambiri pamodzi ndi rotor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya maginito igwirizane ndi mafunde a stator. Kulumikizana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya maginito idutse ma conductor a stator winding, kupanga mphamvu ya electromotive yochititsa chidwi, ndipo motero kusintha mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Majenereta amagawidwa kukhala majenereta a DC ndi ma generator a AC, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale ndi ulimi, chitetezo cha dziko, sayansi ndi ukadaulo, komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Zomangamanga

Ma jenereta nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi stator, rotor, zisoti zomaliza ndi mayendedwe.

Stator imakhala ndi ma stator core, ma windings amawaya, chimango, ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimakonza magawowa.

Rotor imakhala ndi ma rotor core (kapena maginito, maginito choke) chokhotakhota, mphete yolondera, mphete yapakati, mphete yolowera, fan and rotor shaft ndi zinthu zina.

The stator ndi rotor wa jenereta olumikizidwa ndi anasonkhana ndi mayendedwe ndi mapeto zisoti, kotero kuti rotor akhoza atembenuza mu stator ndi kuchita kayendedwe kudula maginito mizere mphamvu, motero kupanga ananyengerera mphamvu magetsi, amene amatsogozedwa kudzera m'materminal ndi kugwirizana dera, ndiyeno magetsi kwaiye.

Mawonekedwe Ogwira Ntchito

Magwiridwe a jenereta a synchronous amadziwika makamaka ndi mawonekedwe osanyamula katundu ndi katundu. Makhalidwewa ndi maziko ofunikira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asankhe jenereta.

Makhalidwe Osanyamula:Jenereta ikamagwira ntchito popanda katundu, zida zankhondo ndi zero, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ntchito yotseguka. Pa nthawi imeneyi, atatu gawo mapiringidzo a galimoto stator yekha alibe katundu electromotive mphamvu E0 (atatu gawo symmetry) anachititsa ndi chisangalalo panopa Ngati, ndi ukulu wake ukuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka Ngati. Komabe, ziwirizi sizofanana chifukwa maginito ozungulira maginito amadzaza. Mpiringidzo womwe umawonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu ya electromotive yopanda katundu E0 ndi chisangalalo chapano Ngati imatchedwa mawonekedwe osanyamula katundu wa jenereta yolumikizana.

Zochita zankhondo:Jenereta ikalumikizidwa ndi katundu wofananira, magawo atatu apano munjira yokhotakhota amatulutsa maginito ena ozungulira, omwe amatchedwa gawo lachitetezo cha zida. Liwiro lake ndi lofanana ndi la rotor, ndipo ziwirizo zimazungulira molumikizana.

Majenereta onse a Synchronous 'arature reactive field ndi malo osangalatsa a rotor akhoza kuyerekezedwa ngati onse akugawidwa molingana ndi lamulo la sinusoidal. Kusiyana kwawo kwa gawo la malo kumadalira kusiyana kwa gawo la nthawi pakati pa mphamvu ya electromotive yopanda katundu E0 ndi zida zamakono I. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo la zida zankhondo limagwirizananso ndi momwe zimakhalira. Pamene katundu wa jenereta ndi wochititsa chidwi, gawo la zida zankhondo limakhala ndi mphamvu ya demagnetizing, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa magetsi a jenereta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene katundu ndi capacitive, ndi zida anachita munda ali ndi magnetizing kwenikweni, amene kumawonjezera linanena bungwe voteji wa jenereta.

Makhalidwe a ntchito:Makamaka amatanthauza makhalidwe akunja ndi kusintha makhalidwe. Mawonekedwe akunja amafotokoza ubale pakati pa voteji ya jenereta U ndi katundu wapano I, kupatsidwa liwiro lokhazikika, kusangalatsa kwapano, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Makhalidwe osinthika amafotokoza mgwirizano pakati pa chisangalalo chapano Ngati ndi katundu wapano I, kupatsidwa liwiro lokhazikika, voteji yama terminal, ndi mphamvu ya katundu.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma voltages a ma synchronous jenereta ndi pafupifupi 20-40%. Katundu wamba m'mafakitale ndi m'nyumba amafunikira voteji yokhazikika. Choncho, chisangalalo chamakono chiyenera kusinthidwa moyenera pamene katundu akuwonjezeka. Ngakhale kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha malamulo ndikosiyana ndi mawonekedwe akunja, kumawonjezeka kwa katundu wochititsa chidwi komanso wosasunthika, pamene nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa katundu wa capacitive.

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito

Jenereta wa Dizilo

Injini ya dizilo imayendetsa jenereta, kutembenuza mphamvu kuchokera kumafuta a dizilo kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mkati mwa silinda ya injini ya dizilo, mpweya woyera, wosefedwa ndi fyuluta ya mpweya, umasakanikirana bwino ndi mafuta a dizilo othamanga kwambiri omwe amabayidwa ndi jekeseni wamafuta. Pamene pisitoni ikukwera m'mwamba, kukanikiza kusakaniza, mphamvu yake imachepa ndipo kutentha kumakwera mofulumira mpaka kukafika poyatsira mafuta a dizilo. Izi zimayatsa mafuta a dizilo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisakanizocho chiwotche mwamphamvu. Kuwonjezeka kofulumira kwa mpweya ndiye kukakamiza pisitoni kutsika, njira yotchedwa 'ntchito'.

Jenereta wa petulo

Injini yamafuta imayendetsa jenereta, kutembenuza mphamvu yamafuta amafuta kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mkati mwa silinda ya injini ya petulo, mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya amatha kuyaka mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lofulumira kwambiri lomwe limakakamiza pistoni kutsika, kugwira ntchito.

M'majenereta a dizilo ndi mafuta, silinda iliyonse imagwira ntchito motsatizana mwadongosolo linalake. Mphamvu yomwe imaperekedwa pa pisitoni imasinthidwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira kukhala mphamvu yozungulira, yomwe imayendetsa crankshaft. Jenereta ya AC yopanda brushless, yokhala ndi coaxially ndi crankshaft ya injini yamagetsi, imalola injini yozungulira kuyendetsa makina a jenereta. Kutengera mfundo ya ma elekitiromagineti induction, jenereta ndiye imatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, yomwe imapanga magetsi kudzera pagawo lotsekeka.